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Trump’s Policy and Central Bank Demand: Bullish Factors for Gold

Trump, bancos centrales y oro — Pixabay CC0 Public Domain

After a pause in December, gold reached new all-time highs, outperforming all other asset classes in 2024. This upward trend has continued in 2025, and by the end of January, gold had broken its own records, reaching $2,798.40 per ounce. According to experts, this strong performance is driven by its demand as a safe-haven asset amid geopolitical uncertainties and concerns about the impact of tariffs imposed by Donald Trump’s administration on the global economy.

“Global gold demand was much stronger toward the end of last year than available data suggested. The World Gold Council’s demand trends for the fourth quarter of 2024 showed strong growth in investment demand and central bank purchases, which further reinforced bullish sentiment in the gold market and pushed prices to a new all-time high,” explains Carsten Menke, Head of Next Generation Research at Julius Baer.

According to Ned Naylor-Leyland, investment manager for gold and silver at Jupiter AM, the gold market is currently in a bull phase, but the broader market has not yet fully participated, which suggests there is still room for further gains. He notes that gold mining companies have increased production and profit margins, but their stock prices have not risen at the same pace.

The Impact of Tariffs

According to Menke, global gold trade between the U.S. futures market and European physical markets could be affected by the tariffs Trump has threatened to impose. “This is creating uncertainty among gold traders and widening the price gap between New York and London. In theory, tariffs—if implemented—should not alter the long-term supply and demand balance in the global gold market or international benchmark prices. That said, if market imbalances arise in the short term due to tariffs, prices will need to signal the need to attract sufficient supplies to the U.S.,” he explains.

In this regard, Menke argues that the fundamental impact on global gold demand would be more related to prolonged trade tensions, which could be one of the bullish factors of Trump’s presidency. “Overall, we believe his administration could generate a wide range of possible outcomes, both bullish and bearish. Our outlook on gold remains positive, primarily based on the resumption of central bank purchases rather than Trump’s presidency,” he clarifies.

The Role of Central Banks

Another key factor supporting gold’s rally is that several major central banks, including the European Central Bank, the Bank of Canada, and Sweden’s Riksbank, are implementing interest rate cuts, increasing gold’s appeal. Although the Federal Reserve decided to keep rates unchanged, investors anticipate two additional rate cuts this year, which could also support the metal’s price.

“Countries like China, India, and Turkey have increased their gold reserves to diversify assets at the expense of the U.S. dollar. Globally, central banks purchased 694 tons of gold in the first few months of the year; in November, the People’s Bank of China announced it would resume gold purchases after a six-month pause,” notes Diego Franzin, Head of Portfolio Strategies at Plenisfer Investments, part of Generali Investments.

According to Franzin, monetary policy decisions also play a crucial role in the gold market. “During the phase of rising interest rates, gold was the ultimate hedge against inflation, which monetary policies were fighting. In the current phase of rate cuts, gold continues to offer an alternative to other asset classes, although the cost-benefit ratio of holding gold has increased. Gold prices saw a slight dip after the Fed’s rate cut in December. However, it is worth noting that the U.S. central bank also indicated that next year’s rate cuts would be slower than previously expected,” he states.

Outlook

Considering these factors, some experts, such as Franzin, estimate that gold could reach $3,000 per ounce, supported by the continuation of the aforementioned trends and a potential resurgence of inflation driven by fiscal and trade policies under the new Trump administration. “There are also expectations of another increase in U.S. public debt,” he adds.

“Beyond central bank purchases, gold market demand has been largely driven by sophisticated investors, such as hedge funds and algorithmic traders, who have pushed gold futures higher,” adds the Jupiter AM manager.

At Plenisfer Investments, they believe that regardless of short-term price trends, gold will continue to play several key roles in an investment portfolio in 2025. *”It will remain a strong diversification element, helping to reduce portfolio volatility due to its low correlation with other assets. It will continue to offer protection against inflation, which historically occurs in waves and could persist, particularly in the U.S., above the levels currently expected by markets.

Lastly, it will remain a safe-haven asset in times of economic or geopolitical uncertainty,” concludes Franzin.

Trump’s Tariff Game: Beware of Missteps and Noise

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

Aranceles de Trump y su impacto económico — Pixabay CC0 Public Domain

One of the key recommendations made by international asset managers at the beginning of the year was the need to filter out the noise surrounding Donald Trump‘s approach to policymaking. The trade war launched by his administration, which has put the word “tariff” in most headlines since yesterday, is a clear example of why investment firms gave that advice.

If we look at the latest developments, China has imposed tariffs on U.S. products set to take effect on February 10. Specifically, it has announced a 15% tariff on coal and liquefied gas and a 10% tariff on oil, agricultural machinery, high-displacement cars, and pickup trucks. Canada’s response was similar, with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announcing 25% tariffs on U.S. products. Meanwhile, after a “friendly” phone call with Claudia Sheinbaum, president of Mexico, Trump has decided to pause the 25% tariffs on the country for a month in exchange for a series of commitments on border and trade security.

Time to Negotiate?

According to experts, this first move in the trade war by all parties confirms what many had anticipated: tariffs will be used as a bargaining tool. “As we predicted, Trump is starting his term by using trade policy decisions as a shock weapon within a broader framework of future negotiations, allowing him to partially rebalance trade with some economies. We already saw this tactic during the NAFTA renegotiation when Trump’s threats to withdraw from the trade alliance successfully pressured for a new agreement,” state analysts at Banca March.

Experts at the firm believe that China, having already experienced a trade war, is less inclined to give in to such pressure. Trump is now expected to speak with Chinese President Xi Jinping in the coming days, raising hopes that both leaders may reach an agreement to avoid a new trade war.

For Damian McIntyre, Head of Multi-Asset Solutions at Federated Hermes, these announcements signal to the world that Trump is willing and able to use tariffs as a tool. “While this could ultimately be a negotiation tactic, it has the potential to reshape global investment narratives, including the need for higher risk premiums for countries he perceives as unfair players. Whether it’s tariffs and geopolitical tensions or AI and profits, investors face many risks in today’s market. We believe that investing in a globally diversified range of assets is one way for investors to maintain strong and resilient portfolios,” says McIntyre.

In this context, asset managers are focusing on the imbalances in public accounts and their impact on national economies. “Contrary to what Trump’s rhetoric suggests, it is not the exporting countries that pay the tariffs. U.S. importing companies pay these tariffs to the Treasury. Mechanically, the first impact will be on U.S. companies. For the end consumer, an increase in customs duties has a macroeconomic effect similar to that of a tax hike. It has a temporary impact on inflation and a downward effect on demand, which tends to push prices lower. The main risk, therefore, is a demand-driven growth shock rather than an inflation shock,” explains Enguerrand Artaz, analyst at La Financière de l’Échiquier.

“Trump knows that an open trade war would mean higher inflation for the average U.S. citizen, something he will likely want to avoid in the end. Meanwhile, we must get used to a more volatile 2025 than the previous year, where risk assets, particularly fixed income, will continue to offer attractive entry opportunities,” say analysts at Banca March.

Market Reactions

The first two days following these announcements have also provided insight into how markets are digesting the possibility of a new trade war. According to Robeco, the swift execution of Trump’s tariff threats surprised markets, causing volatility in equities, while safe-haven assets like gold and the dollar surged. “After Trump abruptly withdrew his threat of general tariffs on Colombia earlier last week following a migrant deportation deal, the market was convinced that Trump’s bite would be softer than his bark,” says Peter van der Welle, Strategist for Sustainable Multi-Asset Solutions at Robeco.

Van der Welle believes that the latest tariff announcements on Canada and Mexico show that Trump’s bite is primarily tied to his willingness to seal a border security deal and achieve his political goal of restricting migration. “With markets now forced to guess Trump’s next trade policy moves, U.S. trade policy uncertainty has reached its highest level in 40 years, except for the summer of 2019, when the U.S.-China trade war was at its peak. We expect market volatility to remain high in the short term, reflecting a significant risk of another major trade announcement targeting China, Europe, and/or Japan,” he notes.

Key Takeaways for Investors

Michael Medeiros, macroeconomic strategist at Wellington Management, believes that the most important factor for investors to consider in this situation is the increased likelihood of higher inflation volatility, a lower probability of supply-side improvements in the economy, and the significant link between tariff revenues and tax cuts through budget reconciliation. “These tariffs represent Trump delivering on his campaign promises. He is doing what he said he would do, and that is another key factor to keep in mind,” says Medeiros.

Economists at BofA agree that using tariffs as a bargaining tool has increased trade policy uncertainty and expect this trend to continue. “For markets, we see three key takeaways: the U.S. administration is transactional—nothing is final until it’s signed; U.S. economic policy threats should be taken seriously and literally; and the U.S. ‘bailout’ policy may be further from financial relief than the market expects. Investors have suggested that the stock market serves as the U.S. administration’s performance marker and that any policy shift affecting risk assets will be quickly reversed. We advise caution,” they state in their latest report.

MFS IM Presents Its Vision on Fixed Income in “The Year of the Great Bifurcation”

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

The fixed income market has started 2025 with intensity.

For this reason, MFS IM wants to share the vision of Pilar Gómez-Bravo, MFS Co-CIO of Fixed Income, on the opportunities in this asset class through a new webcast. Additionally, the expert will also discuss her perspective on how fixed income environments differ between the U.S. and Europe, why duration exposure varies across regions, and where they see investment opportunities on a global scale.

The online event will take place next Wednesday, February 26, at 9:30 AM (EST), 2:30 PM (GMT), and 3:30 PM (CET). If you cannot attend live, a replay link will be sent to registered participants.

If you would like to attend, you can register through this link. You may also submit your questions in advance via email: webcasts@mfs.com

Argentina 2025: Recovery and growth driven by economic stability

| By Romina López | 0 Comentarios

Argentina y crecimiento económico — Pilar Tavella, Head of Macro Research & Strategy at Balanz

In the dynamic world of asset management, Pilar Tavella, Head of Macro Research & Strategy at Balanz, has built a solid career based on her passion for economics and markets. In this exclusive conversation for the Key Trends Watch initiative by FlexFunds and Funds Society, Pilar shares her vision on the current challenges, growth opportunities, and the impact of economic programs on the evolution of the Argentine market.

Regarding the biggest challenges, Tavella points out that one of the main aspects of her role is translating complex macroeconomic analysis into clear investment strategies. “The key is to stay ahead of the market, evaluate what might perform better or worse than expected, and anticipate how markets will react to these dynamics.” According to her, this becomes especially relevant in a highly volatile environment where macroeconomic conditions are constantly shifting.

As for the development of Argentina’s financial market, she stresses that macroeconomic stability is fundamental. “If the decline in inflation is sustained, we will see the emergence of a more sophisticated and diversified market. This will allow investors to consider medium-term strategies beyond dollarization or hedging against shocks.” In her view, consolidating stability is essential for this growth.

Performance of the Argentine government’s economic program

Tavella acknowledges significant progress in the Argentine government’s economic program, highlighting the faster-than-expected fiscal consolidation and inflation containment. “The government has managed to avoid an inflationary spiral through fiscal discipline and monetary prudence, along with popular support that has been crucial in this process.” However, she notes that the sustainability of these policies will depend on maintaining political commitment and long-term credibility.

The main anchors of the economic program are fiscal and political stability. The combination of these two factors, along with tangible results, has allowed the government to build credibility—an additional stabilizing factor.

A sustained fiscal surplus is particularly noteworthy, as Argentina has struggled to achieve this consistently in the past. This progress, combined with an administration that maintains political stability despite implementing adjustments, is an uncommon scenario. Historically, such coherence was only achieved after deep crises, such as in 2001, but this time, it is occurring with a moderate recession of approximately -2.5%, she explains.

“The fiscal surplus acts as an anchor because it creates expectations of continuity. It wouldn’t be effective if perceived as temporary. The government’s commitment, demonstrated through actions like vetoing laws and accelerating fiscal consolidation, reinforces this perception of stability. In essence, the combination of a sustained fiscal surplus, political stability, and growing credibility underpins this program and gives it strength,” she adds.

Regarding negative effects, she acknowledges that recession is one of the inevitable consequences, “although it has been shallower and shorter than anticipated.” However, the biggest challenge lies in the sustainability of the real exchange rate. While exchange rate appreciation reflects macroeconomic improvement, excessive appreciation could put pressure on the balance of payments.

Growth and inflation scenarios for 2025

Pilar Tavella is optimistic about the near future, forecasting a shallower recession than expected in 2024 and a cyclical growth of 5% in 2025. “The recovery is happening faster than expected, thanks to factors such as fiscal consolidation, real income recovery, and credit growth.”

Regarding inflation, she projects a significant decline, with annual levels between 25% and 30%, always considering that external shocks remain a risk in Argentina. The main challenge for Argentina’s economic program is to consolidate stability and move towards a more flexible and sustainable exchange rate and monetary framework. This requires reducing sovereign risk to facilitate corporate financing and allowing a gradual easing of foreign exchange controls.

Argentina needs to accumulate net reserves, which are still negative, and avoid excessive exchange rate appreciation, she emphasizes. Transitioning to a more flexible model would improve reserve prospects and make inflation reduction more sustainable. A first step would be to normalize the current account by adjusting the export framework so that more foreign currency flows into the official market.

She adds that current conditions—low monetary issuance, reduced inflation, and peso constraints—allow for a gradual liberalization of foreign exchange, prioritizing capital flows over stock adjustments. While the political context may have an impact, concrete steps toward a more flexible and sustainable framework are expected in 2025.

Asset rally

The recent rally in Argentine assets has been primarily led by local investors, particularly in bonds and equities. This contrasts with previous periods when foreign investors played a larger role, though their current lower exposure may be due to past negative experiences in the Argentine market. The challenge now is to attract external capital again to expand the recovery.

For 2025, the expert highlights Argentine sovereign bonds as a key bet. Despite their positive performance, they still have room for appreciation, especially if the country progresses toward regaining market access. In equities, following an exceptionally strong performance, she suggests a more selective approach, prioritizing sectors with higher growth potential.

“To attract greater interest from foreign investors, it is crucial to improve the outlook for international reserve accumulation. While there is confidence in the government’s ability to meet short-term debt payments, challenges will increase in the medium and long term when maturities accumulate,” she states.

She concludes that a solid agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and a gradual easing of the exchange rate framework would be key steps. These measures would help build confidence in the sustainability of the balance of payments and Argentina’s ability to accumulate sufficient reserves in the future.

Interview conducted by Emilio Veiga Gil, Executive Vice President at FlexFunds, as part of the Key Trends Watch initiative by FlexFunds and Funds Society.

World Leaders Call for Action on AI and Regional Reforms

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

The 2025 Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum took place this week, with world leaders emphasizing regional reforms and the application of artificial intelligence. The event was not immune to the words and actions of Donald Trump. In fact, several sessions included discussions and reflections on the potential economic effects of the new U.S. administration.

For example, during Tuesday’s session, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen responded to growing threats of tariff policies and anti-climate measures from the U.S. president. According to Banca March analysts, Von der Leyen reaffirmed the European Union’s commitment to remaining an open bloc willing to cooperate with international partners, advocating for an open approach in contrast to U.S. protectionism.

“She described the bloc’s strategy, which will be based on negotiation, while also stressing the importance of defending the EU’s principles, interests, and values,” they noted.

Banca March also highlighted that several international financial executives spoke during the sessions, pointing out a competitive advantage for U.S. banks due to their more lenient regulations. The CEO of Italian bank UniCredit stated that American banks are the real competitors. JP Morgan noted that Trump has created a very pro-business environment. The Vice President of BlackRock argued that Europe needs a wake-up call on regulation. In contrast, the CEO of UBS took the opposite stance, opposing widespread deregulation for large banks.

Regarding other industries, the CEO of pharmaceutical company Novartis downplayed concerns about Trump’s stance on vaccines and other health policies, calling such worries “exaggerated.”

Environmental Commitments

One of the most significant announcements was the creation of the world’s largest tropical forest reserve, the Kivu-to-Kinshasa Green Corridor Reserve, which will protect over 550,000 square kilometers of forest across the Congo River Basin.

“This historic and unprecedented initiative will not only transform our natural landscapes but also improve the livelihoods of millions of our citizens,” said Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) President Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo. He added that the project goes beyond environmental preservation, incorporating economic development as well.

Meanwhile, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim expressed optimism about ASEAN’s future and Malaysia’s role in it.

“The spirit of collaboration and solidarity among ASEAN leaders is unique,” he said, highlighting the regional integration in green energy that has contributed to Malaysia’s rise as a high-tech manufacturing hub.

He emphasized that while the U.S. remains Malaysia’s largest individual investor, its economic ties with China are expanding.

“We don’t go to war or make threats; we discuss, we get a little angry, but we focus on economic fundamentals and move forward,” Anwar stated.

AI and Technology

UN Secretary-General António Guterres issued a strong warning about two growing global threats: the unchecked expansion of artificial intelligence and the climate crisis. He described these issues as unprecedented risks for humanity, requiring immediate and unified action from governments and the private sector.

On AI, Guterres acknowledged its immense potential but cautioned against leaving it unregulated. He emphasized the need for international collaboration, referencing the UN’s Global Digital Compact as a framework for responsible digital technology use.

“We must work together to ensure that all countries and people benefit from AI’s promise and potential to support social and economic progress,” he said.

He also urged the private sector not to backtrack on climate commitments and called on governments to deliver on their promise to introduce new, economy-wide national climate action plans this year.

Meanwhile, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez called for a reform of social media governance across the EU to combat disinformation and cyberbullying.

He urged for stronger enforcement of the Digital Services Act and the expansion of the European Centre for Algorithmic Transparency’s powers.

“The values of the European Union are not for sale,” he emphasized, calling for increased funding to research social media algorithms and ensure that Europe’s brightest minds address this critical challenge.

Geopolitics and International Relations

The Davos meeting coincided with the implementation of the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas.

Palestinian Authority Foreign Minister Varsen Aghabekian expressed cautious optimism, stating:

“Optimism is not an option; it is a necessity.”

She added that she hopes the ceasefire will lead to a more sustainable peace. Addressing the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, she stressed the need for immediate aid and long-term planning.

“We must ensure that aid reaches the people,” she insisted.

Meanwhile, weeks after the sudden collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime, Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad Hasan AlShaibani outlined the new government’s plans.

“We will not look to the past. We will look to the future. And we promise our people that this misery will not happen again,” he declared.

He pledged to respect women’s rights, reject sectarian divisions, and called for the removal of remaining sanctions.

“Thousands are returning to Syria and need to help rebuild the country. We are turning a new page… Syria must be a nation of peace.”

In a discussion with CNN’s Fareed Zakaria, Iranian Vice President for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif expressed hope that a second Trump presidency would reconsider its withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal, which Trump abandoned in 2018.

He suggested that a new Trump administration might take a more serious, focused, and realistic approach regarding the cost of withdrawing from the agreement.

“In terms of deterring Iran, [the withdrawal from the JCPOA] has failed. It has imposed significant economic costs on the Iranian people. Of course, the Iranian government is suffering, but the Iranian people—especially the most vulnerable—are suffering the most,” Zarif stated.

Private Equity Deals in the Healthcare Sector Reached $115 Billion in 2024

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

This surge was driven by an increase in the number of large-scale transactions. In total, five deals exceeded $5 billion, compared to two in 2023 and one in 2022. North America remains the largest market, accounting for 65% of global deal value, while Europe and Asia-Pacific represent 22% and 12%, respectively. Deal volumes remained stable relative to historical levels, with a wave of activity in North America and Europe offsetting a 49% decline in deal volume in Asia-Pacific since 2023. These are some of the key findings from Bain & Company’s Global Healthcare Private Equity Report 2025.

For Cira Cuberes, partner at Bain & Company, the private equity market in the healthcare sector made a strong comeback last year, largely due to an influx of large-scale transactions, particularly in the biopharmaceutical space. “We also observed a resurgence of deals in the health technology sector. Looking ahead to 2025, we expect LPs to continue backing mid-market fund managers due to their strong returns and sector expertise. The smartest strategy for investors will be to focus on opportunities arising from spin-offs and incorporate value creation principles into their due diligence,” she commented.

In Europe, deal volume surpassed the peak reached in 2021, driven by a concentration of smaller deals in the first half of the year. The biopharmaceutical and medical technology sectors were two of the key drivers in 2024, as companies acquiring assets in these industries can easily expand them across the regions in which they operate. Bain remains optimistic about the European market, citing strong acquisition volume growth and a stabilizing macroeconomic environment. The firm anticipates continued momentum in deal activity and sees potential for more mega-deals.

The biopharmaceutical sector continues to lead healthcare deals in terms of total value, thanks to several major transactions in 2024. Despite the record deal value in biopharmaceutical buyouts, global deal volume in the biopharmaceutical tools and life sciences sectors declined by 5% and 10%, respectively, since 2020 in terms of compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Several factors contribute to this trend, including the struggle between buyers and sellers to align sale prices and a reduction in pharmaceutical services spending following a sharp decline in U.S. biopharmaceutical private equity funding.

Healthcare IT Dealmaking Rebounded in 2024

Several factors contributed to the resurgence in healthcare IT deals. First, providers—facing financial pressures and changes in reimbursement models—are investing in core systems to boost efficiency. In response, private equity firms are increasingly investing in assets that support workflow improvements. Additionally, payers—seeking to enhance payment integrity—are investing in advanced analytics. At the same time, biopharmaceutical companies are modernizing clinical trial IT infrastructure to accelerate and improve drug development in an environment of tighter funding and stricter regulatory requirements.

Four Trends Reshaping the Healthcare Private Equity Landscape

Mid-market funds continue to innovate: Historically, healthcare-focused mid-market funds have outperformed the broader market, benefiting from ongoing innovation and evolving investment strategies. They have also managed to sustain both asset acquisition and exits since 2020, even as the broader healthcare buyout market struggled. This strong performance has led to robust fundraising. Since 2022, mid-market funds with healthcare exposure have raised approximately $59 billion, exceeding fundraising levels from the previous three years by about 40%. While they have traditionally focused more on provider assets, mid-market private equity firms have expanded their scope to include healthcare IT and provider services while maintaining a strong presence in biopharma and medical technology.

Spin-offs unlock value in a competitive market: Despite year-to-year variability in deal activity, healthcare spin-offs have followed an upward trajectory since 2010, driven by a combination of public companies aiming to enhance shareholder value and private equity firms eager to acquire high-value assets. Successful spin-offs allow public companies to improve margins, focus on revenue growth, and reduce leverage and complexity. They also create opportunities for private equity firms to acquire overlooked assets with significant value-creation potential under new ownership. Given the reduced level of sponsor-to-sponsor deals since the 2022 peak, the combination of spin-offs and corporate deals has attracted a diverse range of investors looking to deploy capital into scalable healthcare assets with strong value-creation potential.

Maximizing exit value is a strategic imperative: Private equity exit deal volume in healthcare remained low in 2024—41% below its 2021 peak—as high interest rates and valuation mismatches between buyers and sellers extended holding periods and limited funds’ ability to return capital to their LPs. Historically, multiple expansion has driven nearly half of total deal returns, but this lever is unlikely to sustain returns to the same extent in the coming years. To execute a successful exit strategy, sellers must take an objective view of asset performance and trajectory while having a plan for future value creation. Buyers who integrate value-creation principles into their pre-acquisition diligence gain a competitive advantage.

Asia-Pacific investment has evolved: Private equity firms are expanding their investments beyond China in the Asia-Pacific region, where deal value has grown at an approximate 21% CAGR since 2016. However, deal volume in the region has declined significantly since 2023 due to a slowdown in Chinese transactions, a shift in deal volume to India, Japan, and South Korea, and increased competition from strategic players eager to pursue M&A. India, in particular, is emerging as a compelling alternative to China for dealmaking, given its expanding middle class—driving healthcare demand—and strong economic growth. Japan and South Korea are also seeing accelerated deal volume, fueled by favorable macroeconomic factors and an aging population with increasing healthcare needs.

“We are optimistic about the outlook for private equity in the healthcare sector in 2025, especially as deal multiples begin to stabilize, enabling better alignment between supply and demand, and as a growing base of tradable assets presents new opportunities. Lower interest rates in the U.S. and stable economic growth in regions like Japan and India indicate favorable investment conditions. Looking ahead, the accumulation of assets in private equity portfolios, along with increasing LP pressure for liquidity, suggests an imminent rise in sponsor exits,” concludes Cira Cuberes, partner at Bain & Company.

One in Five Pension Funds Lacks Liquidity in Adverse Scenarios

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

Over the past decade, pension funds have increased their investments in private assets to enhance returns through the illiquidity premium. However, they are now reconsidering the potential liquidity risks associated with this strategy. According to a new global survey conducted by Ortec Finance, a specialist provider of risk and return management solutions for pension funds, nearly 18% of pension funds report not having enough liquidity to withstand adverse scenarios.

The study, conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, and the Nordic countries, surveyed senior executives from pension funds managing a total of $1.451 trillion in assets. It found that, in addition to the 18% reporting insufficient liquidity, another 62% believe they have enough liquidity for most scenarios but acknowledge that extreme situations could pose challenges. In contrast, only 20% say they have no liquidity concerns.

Fund managers identify both short- and long-term risks, with long-term liquidity risk being the primary concern among respondents. About 60% cite this as the main risk facing the funds they manage, while 25% consider short-term liquidity risk to be the most significant. Only 15% believe that short- and long-term risks are roughly equal.

The increase in exposure to private assets is part of the reason behind liquidity concerns, particularly among defined benefit (DB) pension schemes. Among the managers surveyed, 80% reported that unfunded commitment risk represents either a significant or moderate threat to the DB pension industry over the next three years. Overall, 25% of managers believe that unfunded commitments beyond the control of pension portfolio managers pose a significant risk, while 19% do not consider it a risk.

Despite these liquidity concerns, 58% of respondents state that liquidity is already well managed, and 28% believe other risks are more pressing. Meanwhile, 10% consider liquidity risk a priority, while 4% say it is not a major concern.

“Our study highlights the liquidity challenges facing pension funds, particularly given the unpredictability of projecting unfunded commitments and capital calls. To address this issue comprehens

Pension Funds Increase Private Asset Exposure but Face Growing Liquidity Concerns

The study, conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, and the Nordic countries, surveyed senior executives from pension funds managing a total of $1.451 trillion in assets. It found that, in addition to the 18% reporting insufficient liquidity, another 62% believe they have enough liquidity for most scenarios but acknowledge that extreme situations could pose challenges. In contrast, only 20% say they have no liquidity concerns.

The increase in exposure to private assets is part of the reason behind liquidity concerns, particularly among defined benefit (DB) pension schemes. Among the managers surveyed, 80% reported that unfunded commitment risk represents either a significant or moderate threat to the DB pension industry over the next three years. Overall, 25% of managers believe that unfunded commitments beyond the control of pension portfolio managers pose a significant risk, while 19% do not consider it a risk.

“Our study highlights the liquidity challenges facing pension funds, particularly given the unpredictability of projecting unfunded commitments and capital calls. To address this issue comprehensively, funds should focus on scenario modeling and stress testing. Modeling capital calls and private asset distributions can help funds understand their potential liquidity constraints in worst-case scenarios over the next five, ten, or twenty years,” says Marnix Engels, Managing Director of Global Pension Risk at Ortec Finance.

Edouard Carmignac: “Donald Trump Can Be Criticized, but We Must Acknowledge That He Has a Formidable Instinct”

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

Edouard Carmignac and Trump’s economic instinct — Photo: Cecilia Prieto

Edouard Carmignac had the opportunity to have lunch with the now-president Donald Trump 20 years ago. It was a business lunch where the founder, president, and CIO of Carmignac Gestion gained a good understanding of the character of the then-businessman, which has helped him assess how his second, non-consecutive term as U.S. president might unfold: “Donald Trump, for his flaws, can be criticized, but we must acknowledge that he has a formidable instinct. In a world seeking growth but that is globalized and where traditional models no longer work, his approach has an impact.” Although the president and CIO admitted that some of Trump‘s promises “include extreme proposals that may sometimes seem radical,” he also stated that “boldness and leadership are needed because the old paradigms are no longer sustainable.”

These remarks were made by Carmignac at the annual forum organized by his firm in Paris for clients and the media, which this year also marked the 35th anniversary of the firm and its flagship fund, Carmignac Patrimoine.

One of the major investment-related topics Edouard Carmignac addressed in his speech was the shift in the global political order, where he was particularly critical of countries with left-wing governments: “The classic redistribution models, which worked well in the past, are now exhausted. Resources cannot continue to be redistributed if there is no way to generate them. That is why European models face resistance and need to reinvent themselves with efficient governance.” However, despite these challenges, Carmignac maintained an optimistic outlook, asserting that “there is potential” for greater growth in Europe, and expressed confidence that European governments would gradually shift towards more conservative and right-wing positions, beginning with Germany after the elections scheduled for February.

Carmignac cited another example of a global leader, Javier Milei, with whom he had a one-hour meeting. Among the topics they discussed were economics and their shared views on the Austrian School of Economics. “I was impressed by his intelligence and his knowledge of economics. He has an unwavering determination to change Argentina and move it forward, which will have an impact not only on his country but also on South America,” Carmignac emphasized.

Among the investment themes for 2025 that Carmignac Gestion is monitoring, Edouard Carmignac highlighted that “a technological revolution is underway,” though he preferred to call it “augmented intelligence” rather than artificial intelligence. “We are witnessing a transformation that is just beginning, and those who invest in it will find great opportunities.” Regarding cryptocurrencies, he took a more cautious stance, instead emphasizing the importance of “continuing to invest in projects with real value and long-term sustainability.”

Outlook for 2025

Raphaël Gallardo, chief economist at Carmignac Gestion, provided a more detailed and specific analysis of key themes the firm is monitoring this year, positioning their funds accordingly. He began by discussing the current situation in the U.S., particularly the difficult paradox facing the new Trump administration, which has promised continued economic growth while avoiding inflationary pressures.

Specifically, Gallardo identified three factors affecting U.S. growth: the high deficit (above 6%), which will constrain budget decisions; the sustainability of the wealth effect experienced by households in recent years, driven by rising financial asset prices, which Gallardo questioned; and, related to the previous two, the evolution of interest rates, which he believes “will determine the budgetary margin,” as each movement in the cost of money directly impacts stock market valuations and real estate assets while also absorbing up to 20% of U.S. household incomes.

According to the chief economist, Trump has four key levers to navigate this challenge: reducing public spending through the newly created Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), led by Elon Musk; promoting deregulation, particularly in artificial intelligence; implementing tariffs; and lowering oil prices by flooding the market with more barrels, which would require negotiations with Saudi Arabia and even Russian authorities, potentially leading to a resolution of the war in Ukraine.

On the other side of the world, Gallardo discussed China’s “obsession with trade surpluses,” arguing that its export figures are inflated due to the country ramping up shipments in 2024 ahead of new U.S. tariffs. Gallardo believes Xi Jinping‘s government is currently at an “impasse,” as it attempts to mitigate the negative impact of the real estate sector on the economy while trying to “set a consumption floor without altering the economic model.”

Regarding a potential new trade war between the U.S. and China, Gallardo sees multiple factors at play. He anticipates another shift in trade rules between the two nations—though he notes that Trump, unlike in 2018, is not being as aggressive with tariffs this time. He also cites other influences, such as the war in Ukraine and the ongoing fentanyl trade between the two countries.

Finally, Gallardo argues that the EU can play a key role in this historic rivalry in three ways: first, by becoming a better client for the U.S., particularly by increasing demand for American goods and services in the defense and gas sectors; second, by coordinating with the U.S. to decouple China’s technological advancement, creating a competitive advantage; and third, by leveraging deregulation within Europe to impact U.S. companies, such as enforcing stricter regulations on digital giants.

UCITS Equity Funds vs. Their ETF Version: How to Properly Compare Returns?

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

UCITS funds and ETF performance — Pixabay CC0 Public Domain

The growth of the ETF segment in the European fund market has raised a new question: Is a simple average sufficient to compare the sectoral performance of active versus passive UCITS equity funds? This is the question that the European Fund and Asset Management Association (EFAMA) has sought to answer in its latest edition of Market Insights, titled “The Sectoral Performance of Active and Passive UCITS: Is a Simple Measure Enough?”

Although past performance does not guarantee future returns, recent literature has shown that funds with better historical performance attract more capital inflows. In recent years, passive funds have gained popularity due to their lower costs and their tendency to report higher average net returns than active funds. “However, the debate over which group of funds delivers better performance is more complex than it seems,” EFAMA acknowledges.

According to EFAMA, fund performance is typically reported by showing a simple or weighted average of the gross or net returns of all funds within a given category. “This is generally measured within a broad fund category, such as all active or passive funds, or the total universe of funds. This approach does not take into account the diversity of funds in terms of issuers, types of securities, geographical exposure, currency, and industry sectors, and consequently, the diversity in fund performance,” EFAMA explains.

To address this, EFAMA analysts have compared the net performance of different categories of UCITS equity funds over the past ten years (2014–2023). The analysis shows that in 2023, the average net return of active UCITS equity funds was 13.1%, while that of passive UCITS equity funds reached 16.7%, “suggesting that passive UCITS outperformed,” EFAMA states in its report.

When analyzing the distribution of average annual net returns of active and passive UCITS equity funds in 2023, it is observed that two years ago, in 2023, many active funds achieved returns as strong as passive funds, while many passive funds had lower returns than active ones. According to EFAMA, “the observed returns depend on various fund characteristics, such as the industry sector or geographical exposure, regardless of whether a fund is active or passive.”

Key Findings

“Our analysis reveals significant differences in the average net performance of sectoral equity funds, with neither active nor passive funds consistently outperforming the other,” says Vera Jotanovic, Senior Economist at EFAMA.

Meanwhile, Bernard Delbecque, Senior Director at EFAMA, explains that given the high diversity among investment funds, “retail investors should seek professional advice before allocating their savings to specific equity funds, ensuring that their choices align with their individual investment goals and preferences.”

In this regard, one of the main conclusions reached is that “significant differences in net performance are observed among UCITS equity funds across various industry sectors, for both active and passive funds.”

Additionally, it is concluded that while passive equity funds generally outperform active equity funds when comparing net returns across the entire universe of equity funds, this pattern does not consistently hold across all sectors.

It is also extrapolated that some active funds outperform passive funds, and vice versa, depending on the industry sector, the year, and the time horizon, “demonstrating that no category consistently delivers superior performance,” EFAMA notes. Finally, the report warns that its findings remain robust even after accounting for return volatility.

U.S. Investors Expect Returns of 6.4% for This Year

| By Amaya Uriarte | 0 Comentarios

U.S. investors and expected returns — Pixabay CC0 Public Domain

According to Vanguard’s Investor Pulse survey, American investors continue to maintain a predominantly positive outlook for the new year, following a clearly optimistic 2024. In fact, they expect a market return of 6.4% in 2025 and 7.6% over 10 years, and they also indicate that the U.S. GDP will grow by 4%. These positive forecasts coexist with a certain sense of economic uncertainty, which translates into inflation expectations of 3.2% and a more moderate short-term GDP growth.

In the history of this survey, Vanguard notes that 2024 was the most optimistic year for investors. Throughout last year, investors’ return expectations for the next 12 months remained above 6%, reflecting a high and sustained level of optimism. Looking ahead to 2025, the survey shows that investors continue with this level of optimism and currently expect the market to deliver a 6.4% return. For the next 10 years, investors expect the average annual market return to be 7%.

“Investor optimism reached a new level of stability in 2024 and remained there throughout the year. However, it seems that investors have adjusted their short-term economic outlook in the last few months of 2024. This could reflect people’s concerns about growth resulting from the increasing complexity of the current economic environment,” notes Xiao Xu, an analyst at Vanguard Investment Strategy Group.

U.S. Economy

A striking conclusion is that investors’ expectations for average GDP growth in the U.S. over the next three years softened throughout 2024, despite the strong economic growth recorded during the year. According to the survey, although growth expectations remain in a fairly optimistic range, the rebound from the June 2022 low may have come to an end. Specifically, the GDP growth forecast for the next 10 years remains high at 4%.

Lastly, inflation expectations throughout 2024 hovered around 3%, a level above the Fed’s 2% policy target but consistent with overall inflation during the year, according to Vanguard. With a reported uptick in inflation in recent months, the median inflation expectation rose by 0.2% at the end of 2024, meaning investors expect inflation to be 3.2% in 2025.

“Investors remain cautiously optimistic about the stock market and the economy heading into 2025. They are bullish on growth but bearish on inflation,” says Andy Reed, head of Investor Behavior Analysis at Vanguard.

Do investors believe the Fed will be able to bring inflation down to its 2% target by the end of 2025? Since June 2024, we have asked survey participants to estimate the likelihood of different inflation scenarios in the U.S. over the next 12 months. In the second half of 2024, investors increasingly believed that inflation would remain above the 2% target, with their probability assessment rising from 65% in August to 70% in December.

In December 2024, investors estimated a 15% probability that inflation would exceed 6% within 12 months, significantly higher than the 9% probability they had projected back in August. Similar to professional forecasts, including Vanguard’s economic and market outlook, uncertainty surrounding potential trade policies may be a key factor on many investors’ minds.