CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrPhoto: Balint Földesi. Serial Inverters, the US Treasury 's New Target
The US Treasury Department has taken new steps to further curtail a popular type of corporate transaction in which a US company merges with a foreign counterpart, then moves abroad to lower its tax bill. The strategy known as corporate inversions technically involves having the foreign company, based in a country with lower tax rates, buy the US company’s assets. Ireland, with its highly competitive 12.5% corporate tax rate, has been a popular place to incorporate, Eric McLaughlin, Investment Specialist at BNPP IP.
The new rules, announced in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, take particular aim at foreign companies that have completed multiple deals with US companies in a short period, what the regulator calls “serial inverters.”
The two main points Eric McLaughlin, Investment Specialist at BNPP IP, presents are the implementation of a three-year look-back period for US-based mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and earnings stripping:
Three-year look-back period. This relates to how the Treasury is going to enforce ownership fractions for inversions. If the shareholders of a foreign acquirer own more than 20%, but less than 40% of the combined entity, and the foreign acquirer conducts substantial business activities in the foreign jurisdiction, the inversion technically works. If the shareholders of the foreign acquirer own more than 40% of the combined entity, the inversion works and most of the negative consequences are avoided. The new rules go further, effectively counting domestic acquisitions by an inverted acquirer in the last three years as impermissible. If the value of those previous acquisitions is disregarded, the foreign acquirer becomes smaller and subject to more stringent inversion rules.
A tactic known as ‘earnings stripping’ involves the US subsidiary borrowing from the parent company and using the interest payments on the loans to offset earnings — a cost that is not reflected on financial statements, but which lowers the tax bill. The new rules classify this intra-company transaction as if it were stock-based instead of debt, eliminating the interest deduction for the US subsidiary. This change applies not just to inversions, but to any foreign company that has acquired a US entity and used this technique to lower taxes.
Implications of the new steps to curb corporate inversions
“We thought the Treasury had deployed the full extent of its regulatory power in two previous inversion updates. The rules recently announced by the Treasury, however, were seen as much more aggressive and expansive and sent shock waves up and down Wall Street,” says McLaughlin. The most immediate reaction was the news that Pfizer plans to abandon its USD 152 billion merger with Allergan – the largest deal yet aimed at helping a US company shed its US corporate citizenship for a lower tax bill. Pfizer executives have made no secret of their belief that renouncing its corporate citizenship and lowering its overall tax bill was their duty as stewards to shareholders.
Yet even by the Treasury’s own admission, the latest rules will not be enough to completely halt the flow of companies seeking to renounce their US citizenship. There is even a question as to whether the Treasury has overstepped its authority. Such a move would be possible only with an overhaul of the tax rules by Congress, which few believe will happen soon. The current political climate also complicates the matter. Corporate tax policy may be a key issue in the fall presidential elections as Democrats have moved to toughen legislation, while Republicans look to lower corporate tax rates.
It remains to be seen what effect the new rules have on the broader equity market. While inversions have not played a dominating role in the mergers and acquisitions, (40 companies have struck inversion deals over the past five years, according to data from Dealogic), this does put additional pressure on investment banks. Meanwhile, in filing a lawsuit to block the Halliburton-Baker Hughes merger, the Obama administration has demonstrated its increasing willingness to challenge giant takeovers, reflecting a belief that the corporate world goes too far in its pursuit of megamergers.
Finally, the tax rate risk facing certain companies just got pulled forward. “The good news is that the anti-earnings stripping rules grandfather all instruments prior to April 4 and appear limited to foreign parents. The bad news is that we expect tax rate creep for US companies headquartered abroad and that these companies have lost their tax advantaged acquirer status. It also makes us wonder if this is the first step towards tighter tax regulatory frameworks globally.” He concludes.
The Bank of Japan’s regular policy meeting ended in Tokyo on Thursday with the policy committee deciding to take no action. In the event, this was a major surprise considering that in recent weeks the consensus expectation had formed solidly behind the view that the central bank would extend its negative interest rate policy which was introduced in January, and also extend the asset purchase programme. According to Nathan Gibbs, Fund Manager at Schroder Investment Management and renowned contrarian specialized on Japanese stocks, “today’s decision seems to imply that the policy committee feels more time is needed to judge the impact of the most recent changes before extending policy further.”
Japanese inflation, which was also released today, showed a marked slowdown in progress towards the central bank’s own inflation target of 2%. Indeed, in its statement the committee implicitly extended the deadline to reach that 2% target into the latter part of 2017. “This admission that the target has become harder, without any additional policy response, led to an immediate decline of around 4% in the stockmarket from the levels seen in the morning session. At the same time there was a sharp strengthening of the yen as currency markets priced-in the effective change in expected interest rate differentials. Some of the current deflationary impact is clearly due to external forces, including the weakness in the price of oil which forms a major part of Japan’s imports. Nevertheless, financial markets had already reflected the change in expectations with the implied inflation rate in index-linked bonds declining this year from around 0.8% to 0.3%. Most surveys of individual consumers in Japan also suggest that the gradual increase in inflationary expectations which has been generated in the last three years has begun to tail-off,” says Gibbs.
In his view, inconsistency introduces uncertainty and although Governor Kuroda has successfully surprised investors with the timing of previous decisions, the direction of his policy has always been absolutely clear. As a result, most investors have been prepared to accept his assertion that he would do “whatever it takes” to raise inflationary expectations. With those inflationary expectations now in decline, “the lack of response today introduces an element of uncertainty which the financial markets may view negatively. Of course, the central bank’s policy objective is to influence the real economy, not the stockmarket, and we must wait longer to see if the current policy is indeed sufficient to maintain the positive underlying trends we have seen so far,” he concludes.
Current Managing Director of Apex’s Maltese operation, Anthony O’Driscoll, has been promoted to Chief Operating Officer for the group. O’Driscoll, a member of the Certified Public Accountants of Ireland, has been with Apex for 10 years during which time he has worked at various Apex offices around the world; including Mauritius, Hong Kong, Ireland and Malta.
O’Driscoll has been instrumental in the rapid growth of the Malta office which he helped launch in 2008. Opening with just 5 employees, Apex Malta has grown exponentially now boasting a team of 70 employees servicing over 124 funds. Paulianne Nwoko current Operations Manager for Apex Malta replaces O’Driscoll as Managing Director for the office and David Butler becomes Chairman. Butler is the founder of Green Day Advisors LLP and Kinetic Partners, bringing over 20 years of industry experience with him to the role at Apex Malta.
Peter Hughes, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer said: “Anthony has been a driving force behind operational innovation for the Apex Malta office. His dedication and commitment to the success and growth of the office are evident in its rapid expansion since establishment 8 years ago. Through implementing progressive projects, such as successfully ensuring Apex Malta becomes the first paperless Apex office, Anthony has demonstrated an aptitude for operational excellence that we want the rest of the group to benefit from. I’m delighted that he can now support me in the role as COO for the group and ensure these progressive developments are implemented quickly and effectively across the rest of the Apex group.”
Anthony O’Driscoll, Chief Operating Officer said: “I am delighted to take on the role of COO for Apex. The group as a whole delivers a really distinctive service to its clients through continually evolving and adding to its product suite and delivering solutions spanning the full value chain of a fund. Understanding the day-to-day requirements of each unique asset manager, alongside the wider impact of market change on their businesses overall, is what fosters longevity in relationships and forms real trust in our ability to service and support our clients. I look forward to further developing our operating strategy on a global basis and implementing some of the procedures already successfully in place in Malta, to benefit both the other local Apex offices and in turn their clients.”
David Butler, commenting on his role as Chairman for Apex Malta, said: “I am thrilled to be joining the Apex Malta team in the position of Chairman. At this exciting time of growth for the company I will look to supporting its local development and helping reinforce Apex’s position as the leading administrator in Malta”.
Foto: José Carlos Cortizo Pérez
. BMO Global AM lanza el Global Equity Market Neutral Sicav Fund
BMO Global Asset Management has launched BMO Global Equity Market Neutral Sicav fund, in its popular ‘True Styles’ series, a strategy that combines value, momentum, low volatility, size and GARP (Growth at a Reasonable Price) styles.
The investments are all made on the large cap global developed markets universe as represented by MSCI World. The choice of this universe as well as the strict liquidity limits that are applied in portfolio construction ensure that investors in the fund have access to a truly liquid alternative strategy.
“Excess returns of portfolios can often be attributed to exposure to certain styles,” said fund manager, Erik Rubingh, Head of Systematic Equitiesat BMO Global Asset Management. “True Styles is used to focus our portfolios, only targeting the desired styles, without interference from other factors.”
Mandy Mannix, Head of Client Management, BMO Global Asset Management (EMEA), declares: “Our clients believe the BMO Global Equity Market Neutral (SICAV) will deliver an ideal building block for their multi-asset portfolios as it is liquid, highly diversified, with proven low correlation to major asset classes and the strategy has delivered considerably better returns than a passive index with lower volatility.”
The objective of the fund, co-managed by Erik Rubingh and Chris Child, is to generate an annual gross return of 4.5% in excess of cash with a target volatility level of 6%. Euro and US$ hedged share classes are available from launch.
CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrFoto: Luckycavey, Flickr, Creative Commons. BlackRock y Jyske Invest destacan entre los ganadores de los premios Lipper
The winners of the Thomson Reuters Lipper European Fund Awards 2016 have been announced. These highly-respected awards honour funds and fund management firms that have excelled in providing consistently strong risk-adjusted performance relative to their peers – the merit of the winners is based on entirely objective, quantitative criteria.
BlackRock and Jyske Invest collected the top Group Award. The full list of Group Award winners follows:
“We at Lipper would like to congratulate all of the 2016 award winners for successfully navigating the exceptionally stormy waters of the 2015 capital markets. Once again we are proud to recognize the outstanding skill and expertise put forth by these managers to deliver outperformance for their shareholders,” said Robert Jenkins, global head of Research at Thomson Reuters Lipper.
“All the winners of the Lipper Fund Awards deserve to be congratulated for delivering consistently good risk-adjusted performance, relative to their peers. The influential and prestigious Lipper awards are based on regularly superior performance by investment fund managers and groups. We are proud that our measurement of such an achievement enables us to grant these awards withcredible recognition and emphasis on consistency,” said Detlef Glow, head of EMEA Research at Thomson Reuters Lipper.
Please click here to see the full list of winners. Individual classifications of three-, five-, and ten-year periods, as well as fund families with high average scores for the three-year period are also recognized. The awards are based on Lipper’s proven proprietary methodology, which can be viewed here.
Lipper data covers more than 306,000 share classes and over 128,000 funds in 63 markets. The free Lipper Leader ratings are available for mutual funds registered for sale in over 42 countries.
CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrPhoto: Brian Jeffery Beggerly. High Yield in the Crosshairs
Investing in high yield bonds is not for the faint of heart. That said, the risks associated with below-investment-grade bonds are frequently overstated and couched in hyperbole, believes David P. Cole, CFA, Fixed Income Portfolio Manager at MFS.
Late last year, investors beat a thunderous exit from high yield bonds, which in turn reverberated through financial markets as analysts pondered the implication of deteriorating credit markets on the US economy. More recently, investors have made a U-turn, and high yield has witnessed inflows again and spreads have tightened. Talk of a US recession has similarly subsided.
According to the expert, high yield bonds are subject to a cyclicality that mirrors the economic cycle — and default risk is an important factor in total investment returns. If one understands the cyclical backdrop of the high yield asset class and adopts an investment approach that involves prudent security selection, particularly in the lower-credit-quality segment of the market, high yield bonds can make a compelling addition to a well-diversified portfolio.
“The asset class has historically delivered a risk-return profile somewhere between higher-quality fixed income and equities, and has exhibited characteristics of both markets over full market cycles. In the period from 1988 to 2015, the Barclays U.S. High Yield Corporate Bond Index delivered a compounded annualized total return of 8.1% — more than the 6.6% return of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index but less than the 10.3% return of the S&P 500 Index”, points out.
High yield bonds can offer diversification against interest rate and equity risk. With relatively low interest-rate sensitivity compared with other fixed income asset classes, the US high-yield market may offer a buffer against a rise in interest rates.
Prudent security selection in the lower-quality segment
Volatility in the lowest-rated high yield bonds can be significant. For this reason, it’s important to focus on differentiation in return and risk characteristics by credit quality, as the returns of the lower-quality segment of the market can vary quite meaningful from that of the overall high yield market.
Historically, highlights Cole, investors have not been adequately compensated for a strategic allocation to lower-quality segments of the high yield market, as the perceived carry advantage is often offset by capital losses due to defaults. Compared to the higher-quality portions of the high yield market, the lowest-rated high yield securities (CCCs) have produced lower compounded returns given the variance drain — losses incurred from heightened volatility because of the wealth erosion caused by downdrafts in security prices — associated with their significantly higher return volatility.
“While lower compounded returns argue against a strategic overweight to CCCs, this market segment also displays a greater dispersion of returns than those in the higher-rated BB or B portions of the market. This suggests potential opportunities to add value by selectively investing in CCC securities, especially on the heels of a significant selloff, when credit spreads have widened substantially”, explains the MFS portfolio manager.
Consequently, says Cole, a tactical allocation to the lower-quality segment of the high yield market can be appropriate when one is being sufficiently compensated for taking on the additional price risk. In the current environment, for instance, energy and mining companies may become attractive. However, investments in these lower-rated securities must be carefully weighed against the overall risk profile of the portfolio, as they can be both distressed and highly illiquid.
“December’s headline-driven selloff in high yield, prompted by a small handful of high yield strategies that ran into trouble with overweight positions in commodity sectors and CCC-rated securities, provided a stark reminder of just how important it is to manage credit risk in high yield”, concludes.
For MFS, the high yield market provides an opportunity for investors to gain exposure to the credit market with an asset class that provides diversification and an attractive return profile over time. Investing in this market also requires prudence, an eye for identifying inflection points, and favoring certain names — such as those on the higher-quality tier of the credit quality spectrum — to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns.
Glen Finegan. Emerging Markets Equities: Positioning And Opportunities in Henderson's View
Glen Finegan, Head of Emerging Market Equities at Henderson, provides a detailed update on his strategy covering recent market drivers, performance and activity, and his outlook for the asset class.
How have the emerging markets performed so far this year?
A sharp decline for the MSCI Emerging Markets Index in January was followed by a strong rally during February and March, leading to a gain for the asset class overall during the first quarter of 2016.
Against this backdrop the Henderson Emerging Markets Strategy, outperformed a rising market. The investment in gold producer Newcrest Mining and significant exposure to companies listed in the unpopular Brazilian, Polish and South African markets helped. The strategy’s Egyptian and Nigerian holdings performed poorly and fell during the quarter. Over the last year the strategy declined less than the benchmark. Our approach of owning high-quality companies with properly aligned controlling shareholders and strong track records of delivery aided relative performance.
What can you tell us about your portofolio allocation?
We added to the strategy’s Brazilian positions during January’s market fall only to reduce these somewhat towards the end of the quarter following a rapid increase in valuation. We are confident the strategy owns high-quality businesses with strong franchises that will enjoy cyclical recovery when it comes. Predicting the timing of this is, however, impossible, meaning we remain extremely valuation sensitive.
Emerging consumption ¿Cómo ha funcionado el tema del consumo en los mercados emergentes?
We fully disposed of the strategy’s SABMiller position during the first quarter. The discount to Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI)’s takeover offer has narrowed considerably and the deal still has to clear a number of regulatory hurdles. In the unlikely event it should fail there would be substantial downside in this stock.
Our search for high-quality, reasonably-valued consumer companies in India resulted in the purchase of a new holding in leading cement producer Ultratech.
Cement consumption in some less developed markets shares the same fundamental driver as basic fast moving consumer goods, namely improving living standards. Indian cement sales are conducted mostly in cash and demand is largely driven by the need for improved housing. Housing in India is primarily financed by savings and construction is often as wholesome as adding a small room to an existing property. More than 90% of cement sold in India still comes in bags rather than in bulk, indicative of this being a consumer-driven market. Furthermore, per capita consumption of cement remains low, meaning there is scope for this to increase over time.
What is Ultratech’s appeal?
A unique feature of Ultratech is its network of over 50,000 dealers throughout India selling “Ultratech” branded cement. This network is far larger than any of its competitors and has enabled the company to reach an almost 40% market share in rural India.
Ultratech is one of the crown jewels in the Aditya Birla Group, accounting for approximately 10% of group revenues. Aditya Birla is a family-controlled industrial group led by Kumar Mangalam Birla. Since becoming Chairman in 2004, after the passing of his father, Kumar has shown an ability to take a long-term approach to building strong franchises in a number of industries, including cement. He is also recognised as a leading advocate for strong corporate governance in India.
With the backing of the Birla family, we believe Ultratech will continue to take a leading role in the consolidation of India’s fragmented and overly-indebted cement industry.
What about China?
We have continued building a position in Fuyao Glass following a meeting with its Chief Financial Officer. Fuyao is China’s leading auto glass manufacturer and serves well-known carmakers in China and now also in the US and Europe. The company is a governance leader in China thanks to its far-sighted controlling shareholder who has insisted on global auditing standards since listing in 1993 and emphasised research and development investments to protect the long-term profitability of the franchise. We find the company’s current valuation undemanding given its opportunities for growth.
What is your strategy going forward?
Weak rule of law combined with many undesirable political and business leaders mean there are parts of the emerging markets universe that are cheap for a reason. We are not deep value investors and aim to avoid being seduced by low-quality companies trading cheaply. Neither are we outright growth investors and we continue to avoid what we believe are overvalued but growing South Asian consumer businesses. Instead, as bottom-up stock pickers our focus is on combing unpopular markets for good-quality companies trading at reasonable valuations.
CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrSharon French . Sharon French, New Head of Beta Solutions at OppenheimerFunds
OppenheimerFunds has hired Sharon French as Head of Beta Solutions. In this role, French will be responsible for growing the firm’s smart beta business by building on the success of Oppenheimer Factor Weighted ETFs as well as developing new multi-factor products to help meet client demand. French will be based in New York and will join the firm’s Senior Leadership Team, reporting directly to Art Steinmetz, Chairman and CEO of OppenheimerFunds.
“We’re delighted to have Sharon join the team,” said Steinmetz. “As we build our smart beta business, we are focused on product development that will continue to differentiate us in the marketplace and complement our long-term, active approach.”
French joins OppenheimerFunds from BNY Mellon, where she was Senior Strategic Advisor to the CEO and President of Investment Management, focusing on ETF and multi asset business growth. Previously, she served as President of F-Squared Capital. Before that, she was Head of Private Client & Institutions at BlackRock for its iShares business. French spent nearly a decade at AllianceBernstein, and held prior roles at mPower, Smith Barney, and Chase Manhattan Bank.
“OppenheimerFunds is a widely respected global asset manager that recognizes the importance of providing innovative products and solutions that address clients’ needs,” said French. “I’m excited to join the team and look forward to building on OppenheimerFunds’ demonstrated commitment to its smart beta offering.”
Vince Lowry, Lead Portfolio Manager for the Oppenheimer Revenue Factor Team, and his team will report to French.
As it is becoming increasingly clear that the central banks’ expansive monetary policy is not leading to a sustainable recovery in economic activity, the recent rally on the equity markets is based yet again on fragile foundations. This is the view of Guy Wagner, Chief Investment Officer at Banque de Luxembourg, and his team, published in their monthly analysis, ‘Highlights.’
The global economy is continuing to grow at a modest pace. In the United States, growth is largely due to the increase in personal disposable income spurred by weak oil prices, the favourable job market and a slight increase in wages, whereas corporate investment is diminishing. In Europe, economic growth rates are weak but positive. In Japan, the expected escalation in wages has not materialised, increasing the likelihood of a fresh government stimulus programme despite the already excessive level of public debt. The extension of the quantitative easing programme in Europe and Fed Chairman Janet Yellen’s reticence on future interest-rate hikes in the United States have led investors back into risk assets again.
The US S&P 500 index even closed the first quarter in the black, although the other indices lingered in the red. “As it is becoming increasingly clear that the central banks’ expansive monetary policy is not leading to a sustainable recovery in economic activity, the recent rally on the equity markets is based yet again on fragile foundations,” says Guy Wagner, Chief Investment Officer at Banque de Luxembourg and managing director of the asset management company BLI – Banque de Luxembourg Investments.
Further quantitative easing measures in Europe Given the weakness of inflation in Europe, the President of the European Central Bank, Mario Draghi, announced further quantitative easing measures in March: the ECB’s headline rate is being cut from 0.05% to 0%, the volume of its debt purchases has been ratcheted up from 60 to 80 billion euros per month, and the programme has been extended to include buying up investment-grade corporate bonds. The ECB also cut its deposit rate and launched a new bank-lending programme to enable banks to refinance on very favourable terms provided they then lend it on to revive economic activity.
Despite their weak yields, bond markets remain attractive Bond yields saw little change in March. Over the month, the 10-year government bond yield inched up in Germany and in the United States, but dipped in Italy and in Spain. “In Europe, the main attraction of the bond markets lies in the prospect of interest rates going, because the ECB’s negative interest policy could be expanded during 2016,” believes the Luxembourgish economist. “In the United States, the higher yields on long bond issues give them some residual potential for appreciation without having to factor in negative yields to maturity.”
No strengthening of the euro in the near future Against the dollar, the euro appreciated in March. Janet Yellen’s dovish words on future interest rate rises in the United States weighed on the dollar and nudged the euro/dollar exchange rate to the upper end of the last 12 months’ fluctuation bracket. “The expansion of the ECB’s quantitative easing programme does nothing to suggest a strengthening of the euro in the near future,” concludes Guy Wagner.
CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrPhoto: T-Mizo. Negative Rates Have Overstayed Their Welcome
Low rates are a problem. An article las week in The Wall Street Journal notes that more than $8 trillion of sovereign debt now trades at negative rates. But negative rates have now overstayed their welcome, and policymakers need to consider the unintended consequences.
This problem is something the Federal Reserve is already aware of, though it is unclear if other central banks are too, points out Kathleen Gaffney, Co-Director of Diversified Fixed Income, and Henry Peabody, Diversified Fixed Income Portfolio Manager at Eaton Vance, in the company´s blog.
Both belive that there was a time for emergency measures. While the global economy is not out of the woods, and an adjustment to higher rates would be painful for a few groups, marginally higher rates would likely be a positive at this point. However, explain the managers, this would require central bankers to admit that they are not central planners and there are limits to monetary policy.
“When global central banks began their march to zero, it was well-intentioned. Lower rates spur investment and increased money supply lead to inflationary pressures as the cost of capital is reduced. But something has changed. It’s unclear what precise threshold was crossed, but incentives and risks have shifted. This brought with it unintended consequences that outweigh the benefits of 0% rates”, say.
The cost of capital is artificially low and distorting the capital markets. Corporations, at least partially at the behest of the short-term nature of many shareholders, began to embrace the low risk-adjusted return by buying back their own shares. So yes, an extended period of emergency monetary policy has benefitted some.
However, Gaffney and Peabody highlights that this has come at the expense of savers. “Savers have been forced out of bonds and into equities in order to pick up lost return. Now, the volatility in the equity market has an outsized impact on psychology and, perhaps, spending. The impact on savers has been so severe that many are highlighting the ironic and sad increase in “liabilities” associated with low returns; attaining goals is that much harder”.
According to the experts, the Fed (and other central banks) would be well-served to increase rates and generate both a more meaningful cost of capital, as well as improve income for savers. Higher rates would likely ease the pressure on consumers, allowing them to spend. This, along with well needed infrastructure spending and fiscal expansion could lead to a greater demand for credit. Higher rates would be supported by fundamentals. A higher rate would also be an affirmation of growth, and would also likely bring a focus back to long term projects and capital expenditure.
This thinking, along with relative value, is behind Eaton Vance positioning in commodity related credit as well as currencies that will benefit from the combination of supportive policy and private capital inflow, and away from interest rate risk.
“The adjustment to get to higher rates will potentially be painful for some, particularly those expecting a low volatility world to persist. Capital will likely flow toward sectors of the market that offer a cushion against higher rates, and credit with improving fundamentals”, they conclude.
