Although “de-dollarization” is advancing in some emerging markets and several countries are seeking to reduce their dependence on the dollar, it remains the main currency for international trade, as well as for global reserves and financial markets. “The dollar is not dead, but it is taking on new forms,” says Philippe Dauba-Pantanacce, Global Head of Geopolitics & Senior Economist at Standard Chartered, who believes that the future of the U.S. currency faces a global context shaped by political tensions, changes in supply chains, and a globalization that is also not dead—but is likewise taking on new forms.
According to the economist, the dollar faces growing challenges: “More and more countries are seeking to reduce their dependence on the dollar, partly because the United States has used the dollar as a weapon for political purposes.” For Dauba-Pantanacce, one example is the exclusion of Russian banks from SWIFT or the prolonged sanctions on Iran, which “has led many emerging markets to question the neutrality of a currency they view as too closely tied to decisions made in Washington,” he explains.
Even so, the Standard Chartered expert stresses that this trend does not imply a collapse of the dollar. According to his analysis, “de-dollarization is real, but progressing slowly and does not change the fact that the dollar remains the dominant currency in international trade, global reserves, and financial markets.” He also notes that, even in recent episodes of volatility, the dollar has regained its role as a safe-haven asset, demonstrating that its leadership remains intact.
When discussing possible alternatives, Dauba-Pantanacce emphasizes that none are in a position to replace it. In the case of the renminbi, he explained that China’s ambition clashes with its own capital controls. As for the euro, he acknowledges it has potential, but notes that “to elevate a currency, you need a liquid capital market,” and today Europe still lacks the financial depth that would allow the euro to compete with the dollar on equal footing. Regarding the BRICS, he adds that the idea of a common currency is unrealistic and lacks both the political will and integrated financial structures.
In conclusion, Dauba-Pantanacce believes the world is moving toward a more multipolar structure, with several currencies gaining some ground as globalization evolves. But he stresses that this process does not signal the end of the dollar’s leadership: “Its enormous liquidity, the size of the Treasuries market, and its status as a global safe haven remain unmatched. The dollar is being questioned, but it is not being replaced.”
